Arabic (الْعَرَبيّة al-ʿarabiyyah or just عَرَبيْ ʿarabī), in terms of the
number of speakers, is the largest living member of the Semitic language
family.

Classified as Central Semitic, it is closely related to Hebrew and
Aramaic and has its roots in a Proto-Semitic common ancestor. In ISO 639-3,
modern Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage with 27 sub-languages. These
varieties are spoken throughout the Arab world, and Standard Arabic is
widely studied and used throughout the Islamic world.
Modern Standard Arabic derives from Classical Arabic, the only surviving
member of the Old North Arabian dialect group, attested epigraphically since
the 6th century. It has been a literary language and the liturgical language
of Islam since the 7th century.
Arabic has lent many words to other languages of the Islamic world, as Latin
has contributed to most European languages. It has also borrowed from those
languages, as well as Persian and Sanskrit from early contacts with their
affiliated regions. During the Middle Ages, Arabic was a major vehicle of
culture, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy, with the result
that many European languages have also borrowed numerous words from it.
Arabic influence is especially strong in Spanish and Portuguese due to both
the proximity of European and Arab civilization and 700 years of caliphate
government in the Iberian peninsula (see Al-Andalus).